Johannes andreas grib fibiger ujep en
Johannes Fibiger
| Danish microbiologist and pathologist Date of Birth: Country: Denmark |
Content:
- Biography of Johannes Fibiger
- Early Research
- Discovery of Carcinoma
- Nobel Prize and Later Life
Biography of Johannes Fibiger
Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger was a Danish microbiologist and pathologist.
He was born in Silkeborg to parents S.E.A. Fibiger, a physician, and Elfried (Müller) Fibiger, a writer. In , Fibiger obtained his medical degree and briefly studied bacteriology under the guidance of Robert Koch and Emil von Behring. He worked at the University of Copenhagen with Carl G. Salomonsen, one of the leading bacteriologists of his time, until , and then became a physician in the army reserve at Blekinge Hospital in Copenhagen.
His doctoral dissertation, which focused on the bacteriological aspects of diphtheria, was completed in , and in , he obtained a position as a professor of pathological anatomy at the University of Copenhagen.
Early Research
Initially, Fibiger's attention was still focused on diphtheria.
Johannes andreas grib fibiger ujep youtube Fibiger, born the son of a physician at Silkeborg in Denmark, was educated at the University of Copenhagen, completing his medical studies in After some hospital work and further study in Berlin under Robert Koch and Emil von Behring, Fibiger joined the Institute of Pathological Anatomy at the University of Copenhagen in , serving there as its director from It was realized that cancers could be chemically induced by factors in the environment but all attempts to induce such cancers artificially had failed. Fibiger thought he could change this when, in , he observed extensive papillomatous tumors virtually filling the stomachs of three wild rats. Microscopic examination showed the presence in the stomachs of formations similar to nematode worms, and Fibiger naturally concluded that these parasites were the cause of the tumors.He made significant efforts to introduce Bering's serum for the treatment of this disease in Denmark. He also studied tuberculosis, particularly the connection between tuberculosis outbreaks in cows and the spread of the disease among humans. During the 19th century, the field of cell biology emerged, leading to the first scientific descriptions of cancerous tumors.
However, the theories of disease origin and the advancements in bacteriology during this period were not yet applied to the study of cancer. One of the obstacles in cancer research was the lack of a reproducible animal model of the disease.
Johannes andreas grib fibiger ujep 1
Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger was a Danish microbiologist and pathologist. He was born in Silkeborg to parents S. In , Fibiger obtained his medical degree and briefly studied bacteriology under the guidance of Robert Koch and Emil von Behring. He worked at the University of Copenhagen with Carl G. Salomonsen, one of the leading bacteriologists of his time, until , and then became a physician in the army reserve at Blekinge Hospital in Copenhagen.Although several theories of carcinogenesis existed, they still needed confirmation or refutation due to the inability to reproduce and study the disease under laboratory conditions.
Discovery of Carcinoma
In , while conducting post-mortem examinations on rats infected with tuberculosis, Fibiger noticed signs of stomach cancer and nematodes (Spiroptera neoplastica; now known as Gongylonema neoplasticum) within the cancerous tumors themselves.
This discovery led him to consider parasites as a possible cause of neoplasms (tumors). He found that the animals had come from a sugar-refining plant.
Taking hold of this thread, Fibiger visited the plant but found nothing unusual except for the abundance of cockroaches. Suspecting a possible connection between insects, rats, and neoplasms, he collected cockroaches from the plant and fed them to rats from different locations.
After the rats' death, Fibiger performed autopsies and found signs of stomach cancer in many cases. In , he published the first detailed study on cancer in rodents induced by larvae of the parasite S. neoplastica.
During World War I, two Japanese scientists conducted experiments to induce skin cancer in rabbits by applying coal tar to their ears.
After the war, Fibiger became the first European scientist to replicate these experiments.
Johannes andreas grib fibiger ujep Fibiger was born on Jutland, the son of a physician, and went to Copenhagen where he completed his medical studies and obtained his doctorate in Fibiger also studied with the bacteriologists Robert Koch and Emil Adolf von Behring in Berlin, becoming their friend. He was habilitated for pathological anatomy in , became prosector at the pathological-anatomical institute, and in was appointed professor of pathological anatomy at the University of Copenhagen. He developed methods for growing the causing-causing bacteria in the laboratory, and also produced a serum to protect against the disease. In , while dissecting rats infected with tuberculosis, Fibiger observed what appeared to be cancerous growths in the stomach of three animals.In the s, he conducted a series of studies on cancerous diseases caused by coal tar. By comparing these tumor types with those induced by Spiroptera and clinical forms of the disease, Fibiger concluded that cancer is influenced by the interaction of various external factors with genetic predisposition. This genetic predisposition usually manifests as a tendency to develop tumors in specific organs when exposed to the corresponding stimulus.
Nobel Prize and Later Life
For his discovery of carcinoma induced by Spiroptera, Fibiger was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in , which he received a year later.
"By feeding healthy mice cockroaches containing Spiroptera larvae, Fibiger was able to stimulate the growth of gastric cancer tumors in a large number of animals," said V. Vernstädt from the Karolinska Institute in his speech during the award ceremony.
Johannes andreas grib fibiger ujep 3 Access to the complete content on Oxford Reference requires a subscription or purchase. Public users are able to search the site and view the abstracts and keywords for each book and chapter without a subscription. Please subscribe or login to access full text content. If you have purchased a print title that contains an access token, please see the token for information about how to register your code. For questions on access or troubleshooting, please check our FAQs , and if you can''t find the answer there, please contact us."For the first time, it became possible to experimentally transform normal cells into malignant cancer cells. This convincingly demonstrated not that cancer is always caused by worms but that it can be provoked by external influences." Fibiger's work on the influence of Spiroptera and coal tar rekindled interest in studying cancer, particularly the role of carcinogens.
However, his theory linking cancer to parasites did not find practical application. It was only much later in the s that true cancer genes were isolated, made possible by DNA recombination techniques.
In , Fibiger married Mathilde Fibiger.
He passed away in Copenhagen on January 30, , from rectal cancer and accompanying heart failure. Fibiger was a member of the Danish Medical Association, the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences, the Swedish Medical Association, and was also a foreign member of the Royal Belgian Medical Academy and the Royal Scientific Society in Uppsala, Sweden. He received honorary degrees from the University of Paris, the University of Leuven, and several other institutions.