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Adélaïde Labille-Guiard
French miniaturist and portrait painter (–)
Adélaïde Labille-Guiard (néeLabille; 11 April – 24 April ), also known as Adélaïde Labille-Guiard des Vertus, was a French miniaturist and portrait painter. She was an advocate for women to receive the same opportunities as men to become great painters.
Labille-Guiard was one of the first women to become a member of the Royal Academy, and was the first female artist to receive permission to set up a studio for her students at the Louvre.[1]
Early life and studies
Adélaïde Labille was born on 11 April in Paris.
Her father, Claude-Edme Labille (–) was a haberdasher.[2][3]
Labille-Guiard became a master at miniatures, pastels, and oil paintings. Little is known about her training due to the practices of the 18th century which dictated masters (who were predominately male) should not take on female pupils.
During this time, women were perceived as incapable to follow instruction alongside men. During her adolescence, Labille-Guiard studied miniature painting with oil painter François-Élie Vincent and her early work was exhibited at the Académie de Saint-Luc.
Labille-Guillard married Louis-Nicolas Guiard in , but separated from him eight years later, already able to support herself through her artwork.[4] She apprenticed with the pastel master Quentin de la Tour until From to , she began to study oil painting with her childhood friend François-André Vincent (the eldest son of François-Élie Vincent), who would later become her husband.[5][3]
Accomplishments
Exhibitions at the Académie de Saint-Luc
Labille-Guiard was admitted to the Académie de Saint-Luc in when she was twenty years old.
Her admission piece has since disappeared and sadly no records of its existence survive today. The Académie de Saint-Luc provided Labille-Guiard with a space to practice art professionally. In , she exhibited her work at its Salon. This show was so successful that the Royal Academy took offence, and with the backing of the monarchy, issued an edict in March abolishing “guilds, brotherhoods, and communities of arts and crafts”, forcing the Académie de Saint-Luc to close its doors in However, this did not stop Labille-Guiard's ambitions as an artist.
Becoming a member of the Royal Academy
Once the Académie de Saint-Luc closed its doors, Labille-Guiard began to learn oil painting, so she could apply to the Royal Academy which required her to present at least one oil painting for admission.
Maximilien robespierre biography: Adélaïde Labille-Guiard (née Labille; 11 April – 24 April ), also known as Adélaïde Labille-Guiard des Vertus, was a French miniaturist and portrait painter. She was an advocate for women to receive the same opportunities as men to become great painters.
During the late s, she painted several portraits of leading academicians, creating contacts with the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture.[5]
Labille-Guiard chose to display some of her work at the Salon de la Correspondance in and This included her self-portrait in pastel and oil portraits, which were well received by critics.
Labille-Guiard's talent as an oil painter and pastellist was quickly noticed, and she received national recognition, ultimately leading to her acceptance into the Royal Academy. On 31 May Labille-Guiard was accepted as a member of the French Academie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture. Her rival, Elisabeth-Louise Vigée Le Brun, was also elected on that day; the two of them were the first women to be inducted.[4] Both Labille-Guiard and Vigée Le Brun were immediately criticized following their admission by those who were furious at women's entry; Labille-Guiard suffered attacks against both her art and character.[7] One anonymous pamphlet Suite de Malborough au Salon , accused Labille-Guiard of exchanging sexual favors for help with painting.
The pamphlet punned on François-André Vincent's name (though still unmarried, he was her rumored paramour), saying that Labille Guiard had "vignt cents" (twenty-hundreds, or two thousand) lovers.[8] Still, becoming accepted into the Royal Academy opened doors for Labille-Guiard as she gained patronage from the royal family.
Painter for the royal family
Through pure artistic ability and talent, Labille-Guiard became a painter for the royal family. Her royal patrons included the aunt of Louis XVI of France, Princess Marie Adélaïde and her sister Victoria Louise, and the King's sister Elizabeth and earned her a government pension of 1, livres.
Napoleon bonaparte biography She was an advocate for women to receive the same opportunities as men to become great painters. Labille-Guiard was one of the first women to become a member of the Royal Academy, and was the first female artist to receive permission to set up a studio for her students at the Louvre. Her father, Claude-Edme Labille — was a haberdasher. Labille-Guiard became a master at miniatures, pastels, and oil paintings. Little is known about her training due to the practices of the 18th century which dictated masters who were predominately male should not take on female pupils.In , she became peintre des mesdames, a position that led her to painting Madame Adélaïde and Madame Victoire.[5] The portrait of Adélaïde completed in was one of Labille-Guiard's largest and most ambitious work to that date. She was later commissioned in by the King's brother, the Count of Provence (later Louis XVIII of France).
She was instructed to paint him at the centre of a large historical work, Réception d'un chevalier de Saint-Lazare par Monsieur, Grand maître de l'ordre.
In she obtained artist's lodging at the Louvre (following a decade-long campaign)[3] and a new pension of 2, livres. She was the first woman artist to be permitted to set up a studio for herself and her students at the Louvre.[9]
Style and context
Labille-Guiard often did not fit comfortably within the boundaries of feminine virtue in the 18th century.[1] In order to appeal to a wide variety of viewers including upper-class men and women, she often incorporated recent fashions into her paintings, which allowed her to showcase her artistic ability.
She was good at rendering details, such as showing luxurious folds and layers of complex skirts that were in fashion at the time. However, often she painted with a twist such as having women face directly at the viewer or with a low neckline, which was an uncommon practice in the 18th century when portraying women.
Further evidence of Labille-Guiard's boldness can be seen in her self-portraits, which leave her exposed slightly more than usual, but not enough to evoke allegations of promiscuous behaviour. This is seen in her painting Self-Portrait with Two Pupils. Unlike some other paintings of female artists in the 18th century, Labille-Guiard chose to depict herself actively working rather than passive and at rest.
Labille-Guiard also pushed against other restrictions, such as those that limited the number of females that could attend the Royal Academy. By depicting two female students in Self-Portrait with Two Pupils, Labille-Guiard suggests more women should be allowed in to the Royal Academy. In this sense, Labille-Guiard was daring, but not too daring as to sabotage her reputation and lose the respect she worked hard to gain within the art world.
At the time, female artists were frequently related to the goddess Minerva. Therefore, Labille-Guiard and her rival Vigée Le Brun were both referred to as "modern Minervas."[10] Their rivalry was encouraged by both academicians and patrons at court.[5]
Today, Labille-Guiard's masterpiece, Self-Portrait with Two Pupils, hangs in New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art, after the Louvre rejected it in a final dismissal of the artist's talent.[11]
Advocate for young female artists
Labille-Guiard had an impact on her young female artists.
In a letter written by a mother whose daughter studied painting with a female academic, (who, based on the description, seems to be Labille-Guiard) she explained that the teacher insisted on maintaining the highest standards of modesty in her studio.[1] Her commitment for female students was evident throughout her membership at the Royal Academy.
At a meeting held on 23 September , Labille-Guiard proposed that women be admitted in unlimited numbers and be permitted to serve on the institution's governing board.
Labille guiard robespierre biography French artist who was one of the great pastel portraitists. Considered by some to be the greatest woman pastel portraitist after Rosalba Carriera , Adelaide Labille-Guiard overcame numerous obstacles to become one of the most respected artists in Paris during the mids. A devoted teacher as well as a working artist, she served as both a role model and an advocate for her female students, the most famous of whom was Gabrielle Capet — , one of the most distinguished miniature painters of her day. Labille-Guiard was born in Paris in , the daughter of a haberdasher and one of eight children, of whom only she and her two older sisters survived to adulthood. Although little is known of her early life, it is believed that she attended a convent where she learned to read and write.Both motions were approved.[1] However, conservatives of the Academy turned it down and criticized Labille Guiard as a "Jeanne d'Arc", and "a hen amongst roosters," and she was similarly condemned by the radicals.[2]
Labille-Guillard continued to advocate for women, presenting the National Assembly with a memoir about the education of young women deprived of fortune, which was referenced by Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord in his work.[2]
In the face of revolution
Instead of fleeing during the French Revolution of , Labille-Guiard stayed in France.
However, the royal connections she made throughout her career made her a political suspect. She attempted to position herself as an artist for the Republic. She donated funds to the nation's treasury and painted thirteen members of the National Assembly (French Revolution), including Maximilien Robespierre and Alexandre de Beauharnais.[3][8] In , she and Jacques-Louis David were commissioned by the legislature to paint Louis XVI handing the constitution to his son, which was never completed.[8][2] From , she split her time between Paris and the village Pontault-en-Brie, where she fled with Vincent, two students, and others.[8][3]
In she was ordered to remit "the larger and small portraits of the former prince and all studies related to these works, to be devoured by flames."[11] She was thus forced to destroy what she had hoped to be her grandest work, the history painting commissioned by the Count of Provence (Comte de Provence), Réception d'un chevalier de Saint-Lazare par Monsieur, Grand maître de l'ordre.
The exile of the Comte of Provence meant Labille-Guiard had not only lost her last royal patron, but she also did not receive a cent of the agreed-upon 30, livres.[12] The Revolution further hurt her career when the royal sisters emigrated in February without paying for several portraits they had commissioned Labille-Guiard to paint.
Labille-Guillard briefly left Paris for several years at this time, but returned. In , she obtained lodging at Louvre, and continued to paint and exhibit portraits at the Salons until , the year she married her former teacher, François-André Vincent (–) in [4][2] The pastel portraits of Marie Adélaïde, Victoire-Louise, and Élisabeth stayed in Labille-Guiard's possession until she died from an illness on 24 April [12]
Family
Adelaide Labille-Guiard had no children from either marriage.
Legacy
Among the public collections holding works by Adélaïde Labille-Guiard are the Getty Museum, the Phoenix Art Museum, Harvard University Art Museums, the Honolulu Museum of Art, Kimbell Art Museum (Fort Worth, Texas), the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the Louvre, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the National Gallery of Art (Washington, D.C.), the National Museum in Warsaw, the National Museum of Women in the Arts (Washington, D.C.), the Speed Art Museum (Kentucky) and Versailles.
Recently a large pastel by Adélaïde Labille-Guiard was unearthed. It is assumed that it is an earlier version of the Porträt der Mme. Clodion. The photograph is attached[13]
Labille-Guiard is a featured figure on Judy Chicago's installation piece The Dinner Party, being represented in one of the tiles of the Heritage Floor. She is listed under the place setting of Artemisia Gentileschi[14][15]
Gallery
Notes
- ^ abcdAuricchio.
- ^ abcdeConcise Dictionary of Women Artists, edited by Delia Gaze, Taylor & Francis Group,
- ^ abcdeNicholson, Kathleen ().
"Labille-Guiard [née Labille], Adélaïde". Grove Art Online.
Labille guiard robespierre biography wikipedia The few that were accepted were prohibited from taking life-drawing classes, considered foundational to the education of their male peers. It was with this title, along with the numerous contacts she made in the artistic and society circles of the time, that the talented portraitist received commissions from many members of the nobility. Aside from exhibiting portraits of Robespierre and other defining leaders of the Revolution in , Labille-Guiard developed her reputation as a teacher of young women artists, and even proposed a new system for educating girls. Although she survived the Revolution and the Terror, several of her paintings were destroyed and her popularity diminished. The portrait portrays her as a capable instructor to two pupils.doi/gao/article.T ISBN&#;.
- ^ abcPalmer, Allison Lee. Historical Dictionary of Neoclassical Art and Architecture, Rowman & Littlefield Unlimited Model, ProQuest Ebook Central.
- ^ abcdMilam, Jennifer D..
Historical Dictionary of Rococo Art, Scarecrow Press, Incorporated, ProQuest Ebook Central.
- ^Pajou sculpted the father of Adélaïde Labille-Guiard, Claude Edme Labille, described as a fashion merchant, in ; the marble bust was exhibited at the Paris Salon of , and is now in the Louvre (N ).
- ^Helm, W.
H.. Elisabeth Louise Vigée-Lebrun, Parkstone International, ProQuest Ebook Central.
- ^ abcdAuricchio, Laura (1 January ), "Labille-Guiard, Adélaïde", The Oxford Encyclopedia Women in World History, Oxford University Press, doi/acref/, ISBN&#;, retrieved 21 May
- ^Christiane, Weidemann ().
50 women artists you should know. Larass, Petra., Klier, Melanie, Munich: Prestel. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
- ^Women, Art and the Politics of Identity in Eighteenth-Century Europe, edited by Melissa Hyde, and Jennifer Milam, Taylor & Francis Group, ProQuest Ebook Central.
- ^ abQuinn, Bridget ().
Broad strokes: 15 women who made art and made history (in that order). San Francisco: Chronicle Books.
Labille guiard robespierre biography death
Jimena Escoto 21 March min Read. Academic Art. European Art. Artist Stories. The constant political changes that occurred in France, as well as the support and rejection of other artists, patrons, and artistic institutions, altered her life and career.ISBN&#;.
- ^ abDe Jesús, Mary Sprinson (). "Adélaïde Labille-Guiard's Pastel Studies of the Mesdames de France". Metropolitan Museum Journal. 43: – doi/met JSTOR&#; S2CID&#;
- ^"Adélaïde Labille-Guiard".
- ^"Adelaide Labille-Guiard".
Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art: The Dinner Party: Heritage Floor: Adélaïde Labille-Guiard. Brooklyn Museum. Retrieved 13 December
- ^Chicago, –
Bibliography
- Auricchio, Laura. Adélaïde Labille-Guiard: Artist in the Age of Revolution, Los Angeles: J.
Paul Getty Museum,
- Baetjer, Katharine. "Adélaïde Labille-Guiard (–)" at Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, , posted June
- Chicago, Judy. The Dinner Party: From Creation to Preservation, London: Merrell, ISBN&#;
- Passez, Anne-Marie. Adélaïde Labille-Guiard: Biographie et catalogue raisonné, Paris:
- Portalis, Roger ().
"Adélaïde Labille-Guiard" in Gazette des Beaux-Arts, Lausanne: , p.&#;–
- Portalis, Roger (). Adélaïde Labille-Guiard, Paris: Imprimerie Georges Petit,
- Cailleux, Jean. "Portrait of Madame Adélaïde of France, Daughter of Louis XV," Burlington Magazine (vol.3, March ), supp.i-vi.